Which term describes an agreement between the United States and the European Union related to the transmission of EU citizens' data to the United States?

• A. Regulations
• B. Privacy Shield
• C. Risk Management
• D. Message Digest

Answer: (B)

Transatlantic data flows require a formal agreement that aligns US data handling with EU privacy expectations. Privacy Shield is the term for the bilateral arrangement between the United States and the European Union that governs the transfer of EU citizens’ personal data to the United States. It establishes privacy commitments, enforcement mechanisms, and redress options so data can move across the Atlantic while aiming to preserve EU-level protections. This makes it the best fit for describing a specific agreement that governs the transmission of EU data to the US. The other options don’t describe a cross-border data-transfer framework: regulations refer to broad legal rules, risk management focuses on identifying and mitigating risks, and a message digest is a cryptographic hash used for data integrity, not for governing international data transfers.