Which term captures international data transfer agreements to protect privacy in cross-border data flows?

• A. Regulations
• B. Privacy Shield
• C. Risk
• D. Message Digest

Answer: (B)

Privacy Shield describes formal international data transfer arrangements intended to protect privacy in cross-border data flows. It was created as a framework to govern transfers of personal data from regions with strong privacy rules, such as the EU, to other countries, ensuring that privacy protections travel with the data. The mechanism embeds safeguards like data minimization, security measures, and channels for enforcement and redress, aligning cross-border transfers with applicable privacy laws. The other terms don’t denote a specific international data transfer framework—regulations refer to laws in general, risk is a measure of potential harm, and a message digest is a cryptographic hash used for data integrity. So Privacy Shield is the best match for a term capturing these cross-border privacy-protecting agreements.